Artifacts

Velociraptor’s superpower is a powerful query language termed VQL. You might be surprised to learn that you have already been using VQL all this time. When clicking in the VFS interface to sync a directory listing or download files, the GUI was collecting artifacts behind the scenes.

Click on the Collected Artifacts sidebar screen to view the artifacts that have been collected so far.

This screen consists of two panes - the top pane shows a list of all the Artifacts collected so far from this endpoint, while the bottom pane shows information about the selected artifact.

All artifacts have a Name. In our example, you can see that we have been collecting System.VFS.DownloadFile and System.VFS.ListDirectory in order to populate the VFS screen.

Each artifact collection has a unique Flow ID, which is how Velociraptor refers to a collection. The collection is created at a certain time and starts some time later. If the client is offline, the collection will start when it comes back online.

Collections also take parameters. In the previous example, the System.VFS.ListDirectory artifact was used to list the directory “C:\Users\test”.

A collection of artifacts can return rows or upload files. This is because an artifact is simply a VQL query and all queries return a sequence of rows.

What are Artifacts?

An Artifact is a way to package one or more VQL queries in a human readable YAML file, name it, and allow users to collect it. An Artifact file simply embodies the query required to collect or answer a specific question about the endpoint.

Ultimately Velociraptor is simply a VQL engine . That is, it processes a VQL query producing a series of rows and sends those rows to the server.

Example: collect scheduled tasks from endpoint.

To illustrate how artifacts can be used, let’s collect a common forensic artifact from our Windows endpoint. Windows allows commands to be scheduled in the future. These tasks are typically stored in the C:\Windows\System32\Tasks directory as XML files.

While it is nice to know the details behind where the scheduled tasks are stored and how to parse them - this is completely unnecessary with Velociraptor, since we have a built-in artifact ready to collect these tasks!

Start a new collection by clicking the New Collection button . This will open the new collection wizard as show below.

The Wizard contains a number of steps but you can skip them if they are not needed.

In the first step, search for an artifact to collect the type of information you are after. In this case we will search for task to see our Windows.System.TaskScheduler artifact.

Many users find that they tend to collect some artifacts more commonly than others. In that case you can save your favorite collections by name and just recall them by clicking in the favorites list button.

The next step allows us to modify artifact parameters.

Each Artifact parameter has a default value.

For the purposes of our example, we will upload some raw XML files. Click Launch to start the collection. After a short time, the collection will complete.

We can see that this collection uploaded 195 files and added 195 rows. The VQL query parses each XML file in turn and uploads it.

We can see more information about this collection in the tabs in the bottom pane:

1. Logs - As the VQL query is executing on the endpoint, the query may produce log messages. This is called the Query Log and it is forwarded to the server. We are able to see how the query is progressing based on the query log.

2. Uploaded Files - This tab shows all the files uploaded by this query. You can download any of these files individually from the server by simply clicking the link, or click the preview button to examine the file in the GUI.

3. Result Tab - This shows each result set in a table. A single collection may collect several artifacts. In this case you can choose which artifact to view by clicking the pull down menu.

Inspecting and modifying artifacts

The View Artifacts screen allows you to search and find all artifacts loaded into Velociraptor. Search for an artifact in the search screen and select an artifact to view.

The left pane shows the name of the artifact, a description and any parameters the artifact may take. Finally we can inspect the VQL source of the artifact.

You can edit any artifact by clicking the “Edit an Artifact” button

User artifacts must have the prefix “Custom.” in order to ensure that user artifacts do not override built in artifacts. When editing an existing artifact, Velociraptor will automatically add the Custom prefix to the artifact name and will produce a new artifact. Therefore both the custom and built in artifact exist in Velociraptor at the same time. This allows you to collect either the original or the customized version as you please.

Learn more

To learn more about how to write your own artifacts click here